Digitalization, Financial Development, Trade, and Carbon Emissions; Implication of Pollution Haven Hypothesis During Globalization Mode

In the modern era of globalization, information and telecommunication technologies (ICTs) have become an important factor influencing carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emission; however, specific effect produced by ICTs is still not clear. Therefore, study examines nexus between ICTs, foreign direct investment, CO emission in 77 developing countries. The novel attribute this research with financial development international trade interaction term. results are based on pooled regression generalized method moment (GMM) techniques from 1990 to 2016. subsequent empirical findings established as follows: first, positively contribute reducing emission. Second, globalization significantly increases third; emissions, moderating performs similar role. Fourth, finding verifies presence pollution haven hypothesis. Fifth, our robustness tests confirmed that were consistent. We suggest policymakers should be using a policy tool mitigate invite such investments ICT sectors, which help maintain environment quality.